木通属_在线百科全书查询
木通属
简介
属中文名：木通属
属拼音名：mutongshu
属拉丁名：Akebia
中国植物志：29:4
描述
Akebia Decne. 木通属，木通科，5种，分布于亚洲东部，我国全产。本属大部种类的根、藤和果实均作药用，果味甜可食。藤本；掌状复叶互生或在短枝上的簇生，通常有小叶3或5片，很少6一8片；花单性同株，组成腋生的总状花序；萼片3；雄蕊6，离生，花丝极短或近于无，开花时花药内弯；心皮3-9（—12）个，圆柱形，每心应有胚珠多颗生于2个侧膜胎座上；肉质蓇葖长椭圆形，沿腹缝开裂；种子多数，卵形，略扁平，排成多行藏于果肉中。
木通科(Lardizabalaceae)的一属。2种木质藤本植物，原产于亚洲。因生长快，叶美观，已引种世界各地。五叶木通(A. quinata)每叶具五小叶，手指状排列；花淡紫色，集合成小簇；浆果长圆形，紫色。三叶木通(A. trifoliata)每叶有3小叶。两种木通均为缠绕藤本，常用搭棚架以遮荫和掩蔽，作篱笆及护堤。
所有物种
白木通
长萼三叶木通
长序木通
木通
木通属
三叶木通
三叶木通(原亚种)
五叶木通
木通属
木通属(Akebia Decaisne)植物为我国传统药用植物，有着2000多年的药用历史，具有很高的药用价值；叶、花、果观赏性强，果肉营养丰富，可鲜食或加工，开发潜力巨大。作者对3种具有经济价值的木通属植物（五叶木通Akebia quinata (Houttuyn) Decaisne、三叶木通A. trifoliate ssp. trifoliata和白木通A. trifoliate ssp. australis）的地理分布、形态学和农艺学特征以及资源现状进行了调查。结果发现，五叶木通主要分布于中国东南部及长江流域，由于长期的过度采收使野生资源遭到严重破坏；三叶木通广泛分布于华中及黄河流域，秦岭沿线分布较多，野生资源蕴藏量匮乏，目前已相继建立GAP栽培基地并作为保健水果进行开发；白木通分布于华南及长江流域各省区，资源丰富，但目前开发利用较少。为保证野生资源的可持续利用，应控制木通属植物的过度采收，加强白木通的合理开发利用，进行更广泛的资源调查、收集和评价，同时建立栽培驯化基地，推广优质、高产栽培技术，培育出品质优良，经济价值高，适合药用、观赏、食用或加工等不同需要的品种，促进木通产业的健康发展。
Species of Akebia are well-known medicinal plants that have been used in Chinese herbalism for at least 2000 years. The high medicinal and ornamental values and nutritional properties of Akebia make it a new high-value crop in China. We conducted an extensive field survey of the current native geographical distribution, morphological and pomological characteristics, and resource status on the most economically important Akebia species (i.e. A. quinata, A. trifoliata ssp. trifoliata, and A. trifoliata ssp. australis). The results showed that A. quinata was distributed in southeast China around the Yangtze River. Wild resources of this species have been seriously deteriorated due to years of over-harvesting, indicating an urgent need for reasonable conservation strategies. Resources of A. trifoliata ssp. trifoliata were also scarce, with results showing that this species generally occurred in central China around the Yellow River valley, especially along the Qinling Mountain Range. At present, several medicinal production bases of A. trifoliata ssp. trifoliata has been established in parts of China, exploiting its potential as a health-giving fruit crop. Finally, A. trifoliata ssp. australis was found to be distributed in southern China and the region south of the Yangtze River. The natural resources of this species are abundant but rarely utilized. According to our results, over-harvesting of Akebia should be prevented, while reasonable exploitation of A. trifoliata ssp. australis should be encouraged to utilize wild resources sustainably. More detailed investigation, collection, and evaluation of Akebia germplasm resources is also required. In addition, developing and popularizing cultivation techniques that produce high yield good quality crops, as well as desirable varieties, is essential for the promotion of Akebia''s commercial development.
