斯莫鲁霍夫斯基

斯莫鲁霍夫斯基波兰科学家，先驱统计物理学家登山家。斯莫鲁霍夫斯基在维也纳学习物理学 。 His teachers were Franz S. Exner and Joseph Stefan . Ludwig Boltzmann held a position at Munich University during the studies of Smoluchowski in Vienna and returned in 1894, when Smoluchowski served in the Austrian army.他的老师是弗兰茨南埃克斯纳和约瑟夫斯特凡 。 路德维希玻尔兹曼地位举行了慕尼黑大学在维也纳斯莫鲁霍夫斯基的研究和返回1894年，维Smoluchowski军队服役时，在奥地利。 It seems that they had no direct contact, although Smoluchowski''s work follows in the tradition of Boltzmann''s ideas.看来，他们没有直接接触，虽然斯莫鲁霍夫斯基的作品中的波尔兹曼的思想传统如下。 After several years spent at other universities (Paris, Glasgow, and Berlin), he moved to Lviv in 1899, where he took a position at the University of Lviv , before he moved to Kraków .之后，柏林，几年花了其他大学（巴黎，格拉斯哥），他搬到利沃夫在1899年，他参加了一个位置在利沃夫大学之前，他转移到克拉科夫 。

Smoluchowski moved to Krakow in 1913, to take over the chair in Experimental Physics Department after August Witkowski , who had for a long time envisioned Smoluchowski as his successor.斯莫鲁霍夫斯基搬到克拉科夫在1913年，接管后，主持实验物理部8月威特科斯基 ，谁继任者斯莫鲁霍夫斯基为他的设想很长一段时间。 After the war had broken out, the conditions for work became unusually difficult, and even the spacious and modern Physics Department edifice, built by Witkowski a short time before, had been turned into a hospital by military authorities.战争结束后爆发后，工作变得异常困难的条件，甚至宽敞和现代物理学系大厦，兴建威特科斯基前很短的时间，已成为一个由军事当局医院转。 Note that the possibility of working in that building had been of considerable importance to Smoluchowski when making the decision of moving to Krakow.请注意，在该大厦工作的可能性已经相当重视斯莫鲁霍夫斯基时，搬迁到克拉科夫的决定。 Deprived of the premises, Smoluchowski was forced to work in the former apartment of the late Professor Karol Olszewski .校舍被剥夺了，斯莫鲁霍夫斯基被迫工作在已故教授前寓所， 卡罗尔奥尔森泽斯基 。 During the experimental physics lectures carried out by Smoluchowski, making use of even the simplest demonstration equipment was virtually impossible.在实验物理所进行的维Smoluchowski讲座，使即使是最简单的演示设备的使用几乎是不可能的。

Smoluchowski performed a great deal of academic teaching: he lectured in experimental physics, had numerous students including, Jozef Patkowski, Stanislaw Loria and Waclaw Dziewulski.斯莫鲁霍夫斯基表演了大量的学术教学：他讲课，实验物理学，有许多学生，包括约瑟夫Patkowski，斯坦尼斯瓦洛里亚和瓦茨瓦夫Dziewulski。 His wide non-professional interests included skiing, mountain climbing in the Alps and Tatra Mountains, watercolour painting, playing the piano.他的广泛的非专业兴趣包括滑雪，在阿尔卑斯山和塔特拉山，水彩画弹钢琴，攀岩。

Smoluchowski died in 1917 the victim of a dysentery epidemic.斯莫鲁霍夫斯基在1917年去世的受害者的痢疾疫情。 In his obituary, Professor Wladyslaw Natanson wrote: "With great pleasure I would revive the charm of his life, knightly softness of his heart, combined with exquisite kindness. I wish I could reconstruct the odd appeal of his personality, recall how restrained he was, modest, and beautifully timid, yet always full of pure, almost unintentional joy."在他的讣告，教授瓦迪斯瓦夫纳坦松说：“我荣幸地将恢复善良的魅力，他的一生，骑士柔软细腻有心脏病，合并。我希望我能多改造提出上诉，他的个性，记得他是如何克制，谦虚，和美丽的胆怯，但总是充满了纯洁，几乎意外的喜悦。“

He was a member of the Copernicus Society of Natural Scientists and the Polish Academy of Sciences and Letters.他是一个自然科学家和科学和文学波兰科学院哥白尼协会会员。 He married Zofia Baraniecka in 1901.他于1901年结婚苏菲雅Baraniecka。 They had two children: Aldona (1902-1984) and Roman (1910-1996).他们有两个孩子：阿尔东（1902至1984年）和罗马（1910至96年）。